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Install GCC-14 on ARM64 Debian 11 Bullseye

I need to install the latest gcc on an old ARM64 board, which runs Debian 11 Bullseye. Straightforward of running “sudo apt install g++-14” won’t find the package. And Internet search does not lead to a simple answer either. There deserves a post.

sudo update-alternatives --remove-all gcc 
sudo update-alternatives --remove-all g++
sudo update-alternatives --remove-all cpp

sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://deb.debian.org/debian sid main"
sudo apt update
sudo apt install g++-14

vers=14; sudo update-alternatives  \
    --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-"${vers}" "${vers}"0  \
    --slave /usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc /usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc-"${vers}"  \
    --slave /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-"${vers}"  \
    --slave /usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-g++ aarch64-linux-gnu-g++ /usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-g++-"${vers}"  \
    --slave /usr/bin/cpp cpp /usr/bin/cpp-"${vers}"  \
    --slave /usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-cpp aarch64-linux-gnu-cpp /usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-cpp-"${vers}"  \
    --slave /usr/bin/gcc-ar gcc-ar /usr/bin/gcc-ar-"${vers}"  \
    --slave /usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc-ar aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc-ar /usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc-ar-"${vers}"  \
    --slave /usr/bin/gcc-nm gcc-nm /usr/bin/gcc-nm-"${vers}"  \
    --slave /usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc-nm aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc-nm /usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc-nm-"${vers}"  \
    --slave /usr/bin/gcc-ranlib gcc-ranlib /usr/bin/gcc-ranlib-"${vers}"  \
    --slave /usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc-ranlib aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc-ranlib /usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc-ranlib-"${vers}"  \
    --slave /usr/bin/gcov gcov /usr/bin/gcov-"${vers}"  \
    --slave /usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcov aarch64-linux-gnu-gcov /usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcov-"${vers}"  \
    --slave /usr/bin/gcov-dump gcov-dump /usr/bin/gcov-dump-"${vers}"  \
    --slave /usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcov-dump aarch64-linux-gnu-gcov-dump /usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcov-dump-"${vers}"  \
    --slave /usr/bin/gcov-tool gcov-tool /usr/bin/gcov-tool-"${vers}"  \
    --slave /usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcov-tool aarch64-linux-gnu-gcov-tool /usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcov-tool-"${vers}"  \
    --slave /usr/bin/lto-dump lto-dump /usr/bin/lto-dump-"${vers}"  \
    --slave /usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-lto-dump aarch64-linux-gnu-lto-dump /usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-lto-dump-"${vers}"
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How to Cross-Build Debian/MIPS Kernel

Background

I was trying to install Debian/MIPS on QEMU and found out that I need to build/update the kernel.  The existing instructions mostly talk about native build, which is painfully slow on QEMU.  I tried once and it took almost 10 hours!  There are some references to cross-build debian kernel and none applies straightforwardly.    I decided to write a blog on how I did it.

Prepare the host

  • My host is Ubuntu 18.04
  • I’m building 64bit MIPS little endian kernel for malta board
  • Need install a build related packages :
    • apt install -y build-essential linux-source bc kmod cpio flex cpio libncurses5-dev bison libssl-dev
  • Need to install crosscompile tools.  Fortunately we only need gcc and binutils for compiling kernel
    • apt install -y binutils-mips64-linux-gnuabi64 gcc-mips64-linux-gnuabi64

Set up the source

  • Download and unpack kernel source and config from debian site
    • cd download
    • wget http://security.debian.org/debian-security/pool/updates/main/l/linux/linux-source-4.19_4.19.67-2+deb10u2_all.deb
    • wget http://security.debian.org/debian-security/pool/updates/main/l/linux/linux-config-4.19_4.19.67-2+deb10u2_mips64el.deb
  • Extract the kernel source from .deb file
    • dpkg -x download/linux-source-4.19_4.19.67-2+deb10u2_all.deb .
    • tar xf usr/src/linux-source-4.19.tar.xz
  • Copy and modify the kernel config as you see fit
    • dpkg -x download/linux-config-4.19_4.19.67-2+deb10u2_mips64el.deb .
    • unxz usr/src/linux-config-4.19/config.mips64el_none_5kc-malta.xz
    • patch -p0 -b < kconfig.patch
    • cp usr/src/linux-config-4.19/config.mips64el_none_5kc-malta linux-source-4.19/.config
  • Make deb packages for kernel
    • cd linux-source-4.19
    • make ARCH=mips CROSS_COMPILE=mips64-linux-gnuabi64- oldconfig
    • make ARCH=mips CROSS_COMPILE=mips64-linux-gnuabi64- KDEB_PKGVERSION=1 -j`nproc` bindeb-pkg

Download the source

Below the script file and kernel config patch would work together to execute the above steps automatically.